Trees benefit our property in so many ways, including absorbing water, increasing property values, and reducing air pollution. But they also benefit us in ways that aren’t so obvious. In fact, a Harvard study showed that trees contribute to improved mental and physical health, reduce stress, depression, anxiety, and cognitive issues, and even improve chronic health issues like cancer and heart problems. Caring for trees is a way to give back to them, with watering and mulching being two of the most interrelated and important caretaking practices.

Before planting a tree, consider the conditions that the tree requires. Chicago area soil is alkaline and mostly clay. Will the tree survive the local soil type? Find a tree that tolerates the planting location: Is it sunny, or shady? Is the soil wet or dry? Lastly, check the mature size of the tree to assure that it will not outgrow the site.

Watering tips:

• Trees require a minimum of one inch of rain per week, especially in hot, dry weather and after planting. Buy a simple rain gauge or monitor the rain amounts on a weather app.

• Be careful not to overwater, as that can damage or kill the tree. Check the soil moisture by inserting a trowel into the soil 2 inches, wiggle back and forth and touch the soil. If it is moist, there is adequate water for the tree.

• Newly planted trees require 1 inch of rain per week for the first 2 years and during severe heatwaves and drought. The easiest way to water is to set up a hose timer and run the water at a trickle around the base of the tree for 30 minutes. If you have multiple new trees, place soaker hoses around the base and run the water at an average flow for 30 minutes on a timer.

• Water newly planted saplings (unless it rains sufficiently) as follows:

  1. Water immediately after planting for around 30 seconds around the roots.

  2. For the first 1-2 weeks, water daily. Pour 1-2 gallons of water around the roots.

  3. For the first 3-12 weeks, water with 1-2 gallons every 2-3 days.

  4. After 12 weeks, water 1-2 gallons weekly, unless it rains 1 inch or more.

  5. Continue to water for the first 2 years using the instructions below for newly planted trees.

Mulching tips:

• Proper mulching aids in keeping the soil moist, reduces weed growth and minimizes damage from weed whackers and lawn mowers trimming grass close to the trunk. Place the mulch 3 inches deep, 3 inches away from the trunk and exposed roots and 3 feet from the trunk.

• Think “mulch donut,” not “mulch volcano.” This is a very common mistake that we see around town. Creating a pile of mulch around the trunk shortens the life of trees by depriving the roots of oxygen and water, invites critters to eat and to damage the trunk, and causes decay.

• Use medium size, uncolored mulch made from organic material like shredded leaves or tree bark.

Here are some great links for more information on proper tree care:

Tree care tips and techniques

Trees that can adapt to a warming climate

Plant and protect your trees

Mulching trees and shrubs